1- The People’s Assembly (Parliament): The People’s Assembly exercises the legislative power and approves the State’s general policy. The assembly’s current term involves 454 members, 10 of whom are appointed by the Egyptian President. The elected members to The People’s Assembly must be at least 350 members. At least half of the Assembly’s members must belong to workers and peasants. The duration of the People’s Assembly term is five years starting from the date of its first meeting. Elections for the renewal of the Assembly shall take place within the sixty days preceding the termination of its term. During the latest parliamentary elections in October/November 2004, Egypt has applied judicial supervision on all polling stations throughout the three stages of the elections. The People’s Assembly carries out its legislative and supervisory missions through 18 committees which are: Constitutional and Legislative, Planning and Budgeting, Economic Affairs, Foreign Affairs, Arab Affairs, Defense and National Security, Suggestions and Complaint, Man Power, Industry and Energy, Agriculture and Irrigation, Education and Scientific Research, Religious, Social and Waqfs (Endowments), Culture, Media and Tourism, Health and Environment Affairs, Transport and Communication, Housing, Public Utilities and Construction, Local Government and Public Organization and Youth Committees.
The Central Auditing Agency (CAA), as an independent public corporate body ensuring control over governmental funds and those of other public bodies, assists The People’s Assembly in financial monitoring at both the legal and auditing levels.
For more information on the Egyptian Parliament, please visit People's Assembly Website

2- The Shura Council (Consultative Assembly): The Shura Council is entitled to study and propose whatever it sees can maintain the national unity and social peace and protect basic constituents of the community. The current Shura Council is composed of 264 members. The term of membership is six years. 50% of the members are to be re-elected or re-appointed after 3 years. Latest elections were undertaken in June 2004 under complete judicial supervision.
For more information on the Shura Council, please visit Shura Council Website

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1-The President:
The President of Egypt undertakes the executive authority in his capacity as the person ensuring the sovereignty of the Egyptian people, respect for the law and Constitution as well as the protection of national unity. The presidential term lasts for six years starting from the date of announcing the referendum results. The President may be re-elected for other terms. The public-policy making process is being undertaken and its implementation supervised by the President cooperatively with the Cabinet of Ministers. The President is also the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces and Head of both the Supreme Police Council and the National Defense Council.
2- The Government:
The Egyptian Government, represented by Cabinet of Ministers, is the highest administrative and executive body managing the State's affairs including: - Directing, coordinating and monitoring the performance of ministries and public authorities - Drafting public budget and state plan - Concluding and granting loans based on the presidential laws and decrees, the government, in conjunction with the President, lays down the State's public policy and supervises its implementation. The government also works on the implementation of laws, maintaining national security and protecting citizens' rights and interests. The Central Authority for Public Mobilization and Statistics and the Central Authority for Organization and Administration are bodies assisting the government.

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The Egyptian constitution stipulates that the judiciary is an independent body that courts undertake; and judges, who are also independent, issue verdicts based on the law. No authority, whatsoever, is allowed to interfere in judicial affairs. The judicial authority is composed of a diversity of courts (partial, primary, courts of appeal and cassation), administrative judiciary (state-council) and the Supreme Constitutional Court. The Egyptian judiciary plays a key role in monitoring the constitutionality of laws and interpreting their provisions. Moreover, it also effectively helps enforce democracy in Egypt through having an important role in forming political parties, protecting this way the rights, freedom and values of the Egyptian society and people.

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The Egyptian press is an independent popular authority. It assumes its mission according to the provisions of the law and the Constitution, guaranteeing the freedom of press and prohibiting press censorship.
The Supreme Press Council. It is an independent entity headed by the Shura Council Speaker. It administers the press affairs in such a way as to secure its freedom and independence within the framework of the law. The Egyptian press comprises state-owned papers published by national press institutions and independent papers published by political parties and nominal public or private persons.

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As of June 1977 when the political parties law of the establishment and organization of political parties in Egypt was issued, the number of Egyptian political parties increased from five parties in 1977 to 24 parties, currently exercising their political rights freely and within a comprehensive legal and political framework.

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Egypt is divided into 29 governorates, each of which comprises a number of administrative units, cities and villages, in addition to the city of Luxor with its special status.

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